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Certificates
A certificate is an official written declaration, declaring the capability of the person certified of having acquired certain skills, issued by a competent authority. It is usually ‘awarded' after a person undergoes a course and passes a test or examination at the end of the course. The term may also be used for non academic purposes like birth or death certificate in which case it is an affirmation of a fact like birth or death by the local authorities. The word certificate has Latin origin meaning ‘to make certain' and is usually abbreviated as Cert.
Certificates are normally given at the end of primary or elementary education after the student passes an examination. Certificates for higher education are usually called diplomas or degrees. Certificates may also be issued certifying attendance in school (attendance certificate) or good conduct of a student (character and conduct certificate). A person leaving secondary school is awarded ‘Secondary School Leaving Certificate' (SSLC) or ‘Higher Secondary Certificate' (HSC) or Junior Certificate. The terminology varies with geography. They may also be issued as recognition of achievement in sports in lieu of more expensive awards or trophies. A certificate may also be ranked depending on the duration of a course like Cert I, Cert II and so on.
In the realm of information technology, a digital certificate verifies the authenticity of a signature or letter, usually issued for reasons of computer security. They are encrypted during transmission and decrypted using public keys. In banking circles, a certificate of deposit is issued as confirmation of the amount deposited in an account.